"Benefit" refers to any possible positive effect of any data collection activity on the welfare of a participant over and above what would be expected from such a participant as a result of routine daily tasks.

Direct benefits are any positive effects for participants themselves (e.g. gaining new knowledge, accessing a service). Often, there may be no direct benefit and that’s acceptable if the study is well justified.

Societal or ethical value refers to how your research might help the wider community, improve policy, inform practice, or add to knowledge. Show how your study matters beyond just data collection, it should aim to solve or explore a real-world issue.

And remember that you must (and REC-H will) continuously evaluate the risks and benefits of the study.